EUROPEAN ART AND CULTURE BETWEEN FREE TRADE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. A DELICATE DIALOGUE?
Date: 15 -16 December 2006
Venue: High Tech Centre, Helsinki, Tammasaarenkatu 1-7, located in the district of Ruoholahti.
SPEAKERS AND CHAIRPERSONS
Kimmo Aulake, Special Adviser, International Relations, Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland; Chair of the Steering Committee for Culture, Council of Europe
Peter Van den Bossche, Professor of International Trade Law, Maastricht University
Karen Donders, Scientific Researcher, Institute for European Studies, Brussels
Rod Fisher, Director, International Intelligence on Culture
Christophe Germann, Attorney-at-law, Institute of European Economic Law, Univeristy of Bern
Christopher Gordon, Board member of CIRCLE
John Howkins, Deputy Chairman, BSAC
Dorota Ilczuk, President of CIRCLE
Jukka Liedes, Director of Culture and Media Policy Division, Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland
Jan Loisen, Researcher, SMIT, Free University of Brussels
Nina Obuljen, Research Fellow, Department for Culture and Communication, University of Zagreb
Alessandra Priante, Senior Analyst, Italian Audiovisual Observatory, Cinecittà Holding
Kirill Razlogov, Director of the Russian Institute for Cultural Research, Board member of CIRCLE
Ferdinand Richard, Director of AMI, Marseille
Joost Smiers, Professor of Political Science of the Arts, Utrecht School of the Arts
Hannu Takkula, MEP, Member of Committee on Culture and Education, European Parliament
Verena Wiedemann, Secretary General, German Public Broadcasting Company (ARD), Berlin
Deputy Head of Unit, Cultural Exports Division of Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland. Mr. Aulake has previously held positions as Special Adviser, Ministry of Education, International Affairs; Policy Adviser, Council of Europe, Cultural Policy and Action Division; Special Adviser, European Commission, DG X; Secretary General, State Committee on Audiovisual Integration and Project Manager, AV Eureka Center. He has also been and is a Chairman and a member of various international Councils and Working Groups, such as Council of Europe Steering Committee on Culture - CDCULT; Council of Europe, Inter-sectoral Group of Specialists on egovernance; Council of Europe, CDCULT's Working Group on New Challenges for Cultural Policy; INCP, Working Group for Cultural Diversity and Globalisation and French - Finnish working group of senior officials on cultural information society. Mr Aulake is a Master of Arts in Political Science from the University of Helsinki.
Peter L.H. Van den Bossche is Professor of International Economic Law and Head of the Department of International and European Law at Maastricht University. Peter Van den Bossche studied law at the University of Antwerp (Lic. jur., 1982), the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (LL.M., 1986) and the European University Institute, Florence (Dr. jur., 1990). From 1990 to 1992, he worked at the European Court of Justice, Luxembourg, as legal secretary to Advocate-General Walter van Gerven. From February 1997 to August 2001, Peter Van den Bossche was Counsellor to the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, Geneva. In 2001, he served as Acting Director of the Appellate Body Secretariat. Peter Van den Bossche is a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of International Economic Law, a member of the international faculty of the World Trade Institute, Berne, and a visiting professor at the University of Amsterdam and the Université libre de Bruxelles. He regularly works as a consultant for the European Commission, UN organisations and law firms specialized in international trade issues. In recent years, Peter Van den Bossche has published primarily on issues of international economic law and dispute settlement. He is the author of The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, published by Cambridge University Press in 2005.
Expertise
- International economic law
- WTO law
- International dispute settlement
Bossche, Van den, Peter. 2006. Free Trade and Culture A Study of Relevant WTO Rules and Policy Options for the Protection of Cultural Values. Summary of the conference paper (PDF)
In 2005 Karen Donders graduated in communication sciences at the Free University of Brussels (VUB) on a thesis concerning US trade policy in the WTO and its impact on the audiovisual dossier. After graduating she started working as a scientific researcher at the research center SMIT (Studies on Media, Information and Telecommunication), doing research on e-government in Flanders, Canada, Australia and Western European countries. In 2006 she became a researcher for the Insitute for European Studies (IES) on a project called Towards i2010: Bargaining for an equitable information society. Analysis of the dialectics between the EU and the WTO as regards state aid in the audiovisual and telecommunications sector (promoters prof. dr. C. Pauwels & prof. dr. F. Brison). This research focusses mainly on the question whether or not the EU is pursueing a state aid policy (in the sectors under scrutiny) aimed at both economic ànd non-economic goals. The interplay between the EU and the WTO is hereby another focal point of attention.
Related publications and presentations
Pauwels, C., Loisen, J. & K. Donders. Actor positions on the audiovisual dossier and the interinstitutional dialectics between WTO and UNESCO . Paper presented at the 4 th International Conference on Communication and Mass Media, Athens Institute for Education and Research, Athens (Greece), 22-24/05/2006.
Loisen, J., Donders, K. & C. Pauwels. A dialectical view on the US position towards the liberalisation of audiovisual services. Paper to be presented at the 4 th International Conference on Cultural Policy Research, EDUCULT Vienna & International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vienna (Austria), 12-16/07/2006.
Pauwels, C., Loisen, J. & K. Donders. Culture Inc. Or trade revisited? How interinstitutional dialectics and dynamic actor positions affect the outcome of the debate on cultural trade and diversity. In: Obuljen, N. & J. Smiers (Eds). Unesco Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. Making it work. Zagreb, Culturelink, 2006.
Rod Fisher is Director of International Intelligence on Culture, which was launched in January 2001, building on The International Arts Bureau, which he created in 1994. Before this he worked for 18 years at the Arts Council of Great Britain, initially as its first Information Officer and latterly as International Affairs Manager. At the Council he also championed arts and disability issues (leading to the appointment of the Council’s first disability officer) and the European dimension of arts policy and practice. Previously he worked for nine years for several local government authorities running arts and cultural programmes, festivals and leisure services. Rod is Honorary Senior Research Fellow, City University, London; a Fellow of the Institute of Leisure & Amenity Management; Director of the UK Committee of the European Cultural Foundation and a member of various boards, including an Advisory Committee of the Japan Foundation UK, and the Orientation Board of the European Diploma in Cultural Project Management (Brussels). He co-founded the CIRCLE (Cultural Information & Research Centres Liaison in Europe) network and was its chairman from 1985-94.
Rod was one of the pioneers in developing awareness and information tools for international work and is widely acknowledged as an expert on international arts policy and information. He chaired the Task Force which produced In from the Margins, a report on culture and development in Europe for the Council of Europe (1994/96). He chaired the group which evaluated cultural policy in Finland (1994) and, in 2003, was asked by the Ministry of Education to review the Finnish Arts Council System. He has undertaken research, lectured or delivered conference papers in 27 countries worldwide. His research and consultancy includes such issues as comparative cultural policies and expenditure in different countries; the European institutions; networking; international cultural co-operation; European and international funding; and the development of cultural indicators.
Among Rod’s publications (as sole or joint author/editor) are: Who Does What in Europe? (1992), Arts Networking in Europe (1st edition 1992), and 1993: The Challenge for the Arts (all for Arts Council of Great Britain); Professional Managers for the Arts & Culture? Training of Cultural Administrators and Arts Managers in Europe (CIRCLE/Arts Council of Finland, 1992); the first Performing Arts Yearbook for Europe (Arts Publishing International, 1991); Human Rights and Cultural Policies in a Changing Europe (Arts Council of Finland/CIRCLE, 1994); Harmony or Confusion for Culture in Europe? The impact of the Single Market and Maastricht (Government of Italy and CIRCLE, 1995); New Frontiers for Employment in Europe: The Heritage, The Arts and Communication as a Laboratory for Ideas (Associazione Economia per la Cultura, Roma, 1997); A Comparative Study of Levels of Arts Expenditure in Selected Countries and Regions (Arts Council of Ireland, 2000); Culture and Civil Society: new relationships with the Third Sector (Council of Europe, 2001) and Developing New Instruments to Meet Cultural Policy Challenges (Chulalongkorn University, Thailand and Asia-Europe Foundation, 2005).
As a Max Weber Fellow at the European University Institute of Florence I shall further develop my core research in the area of trade related cultural diversity law and policies.
I lecture on international intellectual property laws and policies at the Institute for European and International Economic Public Law of the University of Berne Law School. Since October 2005, I am also acting on a part time basis as alternate leader of the research project on international trade regulations addressing special and differential treatment, variable geometry and regionalism in the framework of the Swiss National Science Foundation’s programme “National Centres of Competence in Research” (NCCR) at the World Trade Institute (WTI) in Berne.
I hold a Ph.D. from the University of Berne. My doctoral thesis focused on cultural diversity and international trade from the perspective of intellectual property, competition, trade and culture laws and policies. I am also an attorney at law admitted to the bar of Geneva and authorized to practise in Switzerland and in the European Union. I set up my own law firm in March 2000 after having worked as an associate of the international law firm of Baker & McKenzie (Geneva office) for four years. I earned my bar admission (“Fähigkeitszeugnis für den Rechtsanwaltsberuf”) in Zurich. In 2000, I earned a Master in European Studies (“Diplôme d’Etudes Appronfondies” DEA) at the European Institute of the University of Geneva. I obtained the diploma "Licentiatus iuris" at the University of Geneva.
I also gained professional experience as a free-lance journalist for several daily newspapers and was engaged as a producer of experimental films - most recent film: “Colza Klo”, broadcast on the Swiss television channel, SF DRS, in September 2004.
Germann, Christophe. 2006. Towards a global “Cultural Contract” to counter trade-related cultural discrimination (PDF). In Obuljen, N. Smiers, J. (eds.) UNESCO's Convention on the Protection and the Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Making it Work
Christopher Gordon has worked professionally in arts policy and management for over 35 years. Brought up in Scotland, he studied Classical Civilisation, abandoned plans for a second degree in Archaeology and went instead to plant tea in India. Returned to the UK he worked for a London theatre company, for arts festivals, for the Arts Council of Great Britain (Music Department), for Camden local authority in London, for Hampshire County Council, and the Regional Arts Boards as their national co-ordinator and international lobbyist. Freelance in cultural policy and management since 2000.
He has worked extensively for the Council of Europe - including evaluations of national cultural policy in Italy and Cyprus (Rapporteur) and Latvia (Chair). He has also participated in cultural projects and research for the European Union and UNESCO, and on two projects in the Balkans and former Yugoslavia for the European Cultural Foundation.
Chair of the Advisory Board of the Fondazione Fitzcarraldo (Turin) and Vice-President of the European Diploma in Cultural Management (Fondation Marcel Hicter, Brussels). Board member of CIRCLE and trustee of ‘On the Move’ (IETM). For three years was Hon. Treasurer of the European Forum for the Arts and Heritage (EFAH/FEAP). Visiting Professor at the University of Bologna and Associate Fellow in Cultural Policy at the Universities of Warwick and Northumbria in the UK. Involved in teaching ‘cultural leadership’ at London City University. Member of the Council of Southampton University (1996 – 2004) Editorial Board of the International Journal of Cultural Policy, Arts Research Digest, Chair of the Hampshire Sculpture Trust, Board member of Nuffield Theatre (Southampton) and member of the Fabric Advisory Committee of Winchester Cathedral.
John Howkins is a leading figure in the global development of the creative economy.
His book, ‘The Creative Economy’, (Penguin, 2001) was the first account of the new economy, showing how individuals turn ideas and inventions into financial transactions and social status. This new way of working is revitalising manufacturing, service and retailing industries. It affects where we want to live, work and learn.
As a Director of ITR & Co, John has advised ABC, BBC, CBS, European Commission, IBM, News Corp, NHK, RAI, Shanghai Creative Industries Association, Sky TV, Sony, Time Warner, Universal Studios and other clients. He has worked in over 30 countries including Australia, Canada, China, France, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Singapore, UK and USA.
He is a Vice Dean at the Shanghai School of Creativity, China, where he leads the John Howkins Research Centre on the Creative Economy, and Visiting Professor, Lincoln University, England.
He is the founder and Director of the Adelphi Charter on Creativity, Innovation and Intellectual Property (www.adelphicharter.org). He devised the London Intellectual Property Advisory Service (called ‘Own It’).
He is Director of HandMade plc, a films and rights owner listed on London’s AIM market.
He was associated with HBO Inc and Time Warner Inc from 1982 to1996 with responsibilities for TV businesses in Europe.
He is Deputy Chairman of the British Screen Advisory Council (BSAC). He is a Member of the United Nations Advisory Committee on the Creative Economy. He is a former Chairman of the London Film School and Vice Chairman of the Association of Independent Producers. He is a former Executive Director of the International Institute of Communications (IIC).
He is the author of ‘Communications in China’, ‘Four Global Scenarios for Information’, ‘CODE’ and other books.
Professor of Humanities and Cultural Management at the Warsaw School of Social Psychology Currently, she is running the "Pro Cultura" Foundation, which acts according to the Research+Development formula.
She is the author of over one hundred publications, studies and articles, (in Polish and in English) which centre upon culture, economy, cultural industries, civil society, and the non-profit sector. Most recently she published, in English, her study on civil society in Europe entitled Cultural citizenship: civil society and cultural policy in Europe (Amsterdam, 2001). Her recent publication in Polish is: Organisation and financing of culture in market economy (co-author W.Misiag; Warsaw, 2003); and in English: Metropolises of Europe. Diversity in urban cultural life (co-editor Yudhishthir Raj Isar; Warsaw 2006).
She led many research projects commissioned by the Ministry of Culture and Art and the Polish Scientific Committee (KBN). Among others: Cultural Industries in Poland, 1999; System of organisation and financing of culture in Poland , 2002; Changes in Public Cultural Institutions in Poland after 1989, 1997/1998; Cultural Strategies for Warsaw, 1999 - 2001; Congress of Polish Culture 2000. She was the organiser and moderator of Forum Cultural Policy in the Self-Governing Society.
She has a great deal of experience in the international sector, both as a researcher and a lecturer in the field of culture economics. She also worked as a Council of Europe expert and consultant for: The Program of Evaluation Cultural Policies in Europe (1995); The Latvian Report (1997); Privatisation and Désétatisation: National cultural institutions in Transition (1998/1999); Mosaic project for Romania and Bulgaria (2001). In addition, in 1998 she was the Project Manager for project No. 1011/1/97 The Modern Cultural Policies in Europe granted by the Office of European Integration Committee. Since 2001 she has been the author of annually updated Polish profile in CoE and ERICarts project: Cultural Policies in Europe. A Compendium of Basic Facts and Trends. In 2003 she took part in the Interarts/EFAH study on Cultural co-operation in Europe (report on Books and Reading sector) commissioned by EU. She has lead and directed many Polish and international research projects, e.g. Metropolis of Europe - URBAN CULTURAL LIFE AND INTER-CITY CULTURAL INTERACTIONS - FOR 'CULTURAL DIVERSITY' IN EUROPE financed by European Commission.
Dorota Ilczuk has been the President of Circle since 2001 and a board member of ERICarts since 2003. She is also a board member of numerous Polish associations and foundations, i.e. The Union of Polish Theatres. She is actively involved in the Culture and Business Group associated with Polish Federation of Private Employers.
Péter Inkei is director of the Budapest Observatory and was formerly deputy to the minister for culture between 1996-1998. He has been a consultant of the Council of Europe, the Open Society Institute, the World Bank etc. Since November 2000 he has been a board member of CIRCLE and since September 2001 executive manager of the Central European University Press.
Director of Culture and Media Policy Division, Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland. He is or has been chairman of various bodies in the EU, WIPO, Unesco, Council of Europe, and Nordic Council of Ministers.
In 2001 Jan Loisen graduated in communication sciences at the Free University of Brussels (VUB) on a thesis concerning the role of trade unions in the information society. Since October 2001 he is researcher at SMIT and in february 2002 started working as teaching assistant at the department of communication sciences at the VUB. His PhD research (promoter prof. dr. C. Pauwels) focusses on the impact of the World Trade Organization on audiovisual policy and questions whether the WTO can be an instrument to promote cultural diversity. Besides his doctoral research Jan Loisen supervises students in seminars on the development of the communication sciences field of study, national and international media policy, and information society policy.
Related publications and presentations
Pauwels, C., Loisen, J. & K. Donders. Actor positions on the audiovisual dossier and the interinstitutional dialectics between WTO and UNESCO . Paper presented at the 4 th International Conference on Communication and Mass Media, Athens Institute for Education and Research, Athens (Greece), 22-24/05/2006.
Loisen, J., Donders, K. & C. Pauwels. A dialectical view on the US position towards the liberalisation of audiovisual services. Paper to be presented at the 4 th International Conference on Cultural Policy Research, EDUCULT Vienna & International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vienna (Austria), 12-16/07/2006.
Pauwels, C., Loisen, J. & K. Donders. Culture Inc. Or trade revisited? How interinstitutional dialectics and dynamic actor positions affect the outcome of the debate on cultural trade and diversity. In: Obuljen, N. & J. Smiers (Eds). Unesco Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. Making it work. Zagreb, Culturelink, 2006.
Loisen, J. Can the existing WTO legal framework take into account the cultural specificity of the audiovisual sector? In: Obuljen, N. & J. Smiers (Eds). Unesco Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. Making it work. Zagreb, Culturelink, 2006
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. De WHO en de audiovisuele sector. Dillemans, R. & A. Schramme (eds). Wegwijs Cultuur. Leuven, Davidsfonds, 2004.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. Von GATT zu GATS und darüber hinaus. Die Bedeutung der WTO für die audiovisuelle Politik. In: Media Perspektiven, 2004, vol. 35, nr. 10, pp. 489-499.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. The WTO and the Audiovisual Sector: Economic Free Trade vs Cultural Horse Trading? European Journal of Communication, 2003, vol. 18, nr. 3, pp. 291-314.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. The impact of WTO negotiations on the future of audiovisual policy. Paper presented at conference 'The ICT and media sectors within the EU policy framework', organised by SMIT, CEAS & Telenor, 7-8 April 2003, Brussels, Belgium.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. WTO Policy in Audiovisual Services. Paper presented at Conference on Globalisation, Regionalisation and the Information Society, 9-10 October 2003, Bruges, Belgium.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. Enhancing cultural diversity or heading towards cultural deficit: the impact of the WTO on European audiovisual policy. Paper presented at international conference 'Mass Media and Communication in the Society of the 21st Century', organised by ECCR in association with Moscow State University, 17-19 October 2002, Moscow, Russia.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. De WTO en de audiovisuele sector: economische vrijhandel vs. culturele koehandel? Tijdschrift voor Sociologie, 2002, vol. 23, nrs. 3/4, pp. 281-301.
Pauwels, C. & J. Loisen. Naar een nieuwe globale audiovisuele orde. De impact van de WTO op audiovisueel beleid. I&I, 2002, vol. 20, nr. 3, pp. 35-41.
Nina Obuljen is a research fellow at the Institute for International Relations in Zagreb, Croatia. In July 2004 Nina Obuljen has been awarded the European Cultural Policy Research Award for her research on the impact of the EU enlargement on cultural policies. Nina Obuljen is the author of several articles in the field of cultural policy focusing in particular on the issues of the EU integration, transformations of cultural policies and cultural diversity as well as the book "Why we need European Cultural Policies: the impact of EU enlargement on cultural policies in transition countries" published by the ECF in 2006. She graduated both from the Academy of Music and the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zagreb. She is currently Assistant Minister for International Relations and EU Affairs at the Croatian Ministry of Culture. Ms Obuljen was head of the Croatian delegation for the negotiations about the Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions in UNESCO.
Alessandra Priante is business graduate with a Master in audiovisual Management. She worked as financial analyst in an investment bank and as analyst and counsellor for international affairs for the Ministry of Culture in Italy – Directorate for cinema. She then moved to Cinecittà Holding to create the national research center (Italian Audiovisual Observatory) of which she is senior analyst and coordinator.
Kirill Razlogov, born in 1946, M.A. in art history (Moscow University),
professor, Ph.D. in cultural studies, Director of the Russian Institute for
Cultural Research, author of 14 books and more than 300 articles on art
history, film and the media, cultural policy and development. Organiser of
film festivals and TV programmes on film and art. Previous positions:
researcher at the Russian Film Archive (Gosfilmofond), special assistant to
the president of the State Film Committee. Professor of film history, media
and cultural studies at the State Film Institute (VGIK), High courses for
film directors and script writers and the Institute for European culture in
Moscow. Program Director of the Moscow International Film Festival (1999-2005.
Academic Secretary of the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and
Sciences of Russia.
Ferdinand Richard is Founder-Director of A.M.I., National Centre for the Development of Popular Musics. As a development platform, AMI offers various training workshops, artists residences, festivals, and a wide international cooperation department (Africa, Middle-East, Russia, Asia). He is a member of EFAH (European Forum for the Arts and Heritage, platform for cultural networks) since 1994 and was EFAH’s president from 1996 to 1999. Ferdinand Richard is lecturer for various cultural management training institutions. He is or has been member in various committees and networks in the field of arts and culture. In his 27-years career, he has been musician and manager in various experimental rock or jazz groups.
Dr. Joost Smiers is Professor (ret.) of Political Science and Research Fellow in the Research Group Arts & Economics at the Utrecht School of the Arts, the Netherlands. One of his last books is Arts under Pressure. Promoting Cultural Diversity in the Age of Globalisation (London 2003, Zed Books). The book has been published as well in Serbian, Spanish, Portuguese, Thai and Arab; Chinese, Tamil, Singalese and Indonesian translations are under way. He has edited together with Nina Obuljen a book on Unesco's Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Making it Work (Zagreb 2006, Culturelink). He prepares a book on Imagining a world without copyright (together with Marieke van Schijndel) and a book on audio and visual noise in the public space. Joost Smiers lives in Amsterdam.
Hannu Takkula has a background as a journalist and a teacher. His parliamentary career began as a Member of Finnish Parliament from 1995 to 2004. Hannu Takkula has been a Member of European Parliament since 2004. At the moment he is member and co-ordinator in Education and Culture Committee. He is or has been member in various other committees in European Parliament and Finnish Parliament.
Verena Wiedemann is a German lawyer with an LL.M. from Berkeley and a PhD from Hamburg. She previously worked as an academic and in the management of a publishing company. She was Head of European Affairs of ARD, the co-operation of Germany’s regional public service broadcasters, in Brussels, Belgium 1993-2006. Since July 1, 2006, she has been Secretary General of ARD, based in Berlin.
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